Cervical Cancer vs. Uterine Cancer: What Is the Difference?

Many people are surprised to learn that cervical cancer and uterine cancer, though they both affect the female reproductive system, are very different. 

The main difference lies in where the cancer begins. Cervical cancer starts in the cervix, the lower part of the uterus that opens into the vagina, while uterine cancer typically originates in the lining of the uterus, called the endometrium.

Understanding their differences is essential to ensure early detection, proper treatment, and better outcomes. This article will explain:

• What cervical and uterine cancers are, and where they begin.
• How their symptoms differ.
• What causes these types of cancer.
• How they are diagnosed.
• Treatment approaches for each cancer.

By the end, you’ll have a clear understanding to make informed decisions, whether you’re seeking preventive care or looking into treatment options for yourself or a loved one.

Cervical cancer begins in the cells of the cervix, which is the narrow end of the uterus that connects to the vagina. 

The most common cause of cervical cancer is persistent infection with high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV).

⇒The role of HPV:
HPV, a sexually transmitted virus, contributes majorly to cervical cancer by causing changes in the cells of the cervix. While most HPV infections clear on their own, persistent infections with certain high-risk strains can lead to cancer over time.

Symptoms of Cervical Cancer

Cervical cancer often doesn’t show symptoms in its early stages. However, as it progresses, symptoms may include:

• Vaginal bleeding between periods or after menopause.
• Bleeding after sexual intercourse.
• Unusual vaginal discharge, sometimes with a foul smell.
• Pelvic pain or pain during intercourse.

A 38-year-old woman, came to the clinic after noticing light bleeding between her periods. A Pap smear showed abnormal cells, and further tests revealed early-stage cervical cancer. 

With timely intervention, we were able to successfully treat her with a combination of surgery and mild radiation therapy. 

This is why paying attention to even small changes in your body is very important.

If you or someone you love is experiencing similar symptoms, don’t wait. Dr. Nilesh Chordiya, one of Mumbai’s leading cervical cancer specialists, offers expert evaluation and personalized care for early diagnosis and effective treatment.

Early detection saves lives — take the first step toward your health today.

Uterine cancer typically refers to cancer of the endometrium, the lining of the uterus. It’s the most common type of cancer in the female reproductive system.

Unlike cervical cancer, uterine cancer is more commonly linked to hormonal imbalances, particularly high levels of estrogen that aren’t balanced by progesterone. 

This hormonal imbalance can lead to excessive growth of the endometrial lining, increasing the risk of cancer.

Symptoms of Uterine Cancer

Common symptoms include:

• Postmenopausal bleeding, which is often the first sign.
• Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding for premenopausal women.
• Pelvic pain or a mass in the lower abdomen.
• Painful urination or difficulty passing stools.

Another, 54 years old and postmenopausal lady, ignored her abnormal bleeding for over a year, attributing it to hormonal changes. 

A pelvic ultrasound and biopsy confirmed uterine cancer. While her treatment was more intensive due to the delay, she recovered well after surgery and follow-up treatments. 

Early detection could have helped avoid aggressive treatment.

Diagnosing Cervical Cancer

Regular screenings are key to catching cervical cancer early. These are the main diagnostic methods:

1. Pap Smear Test: Detects abnormal cells in the cervix.
2. HPV Test: Identifies high-risk strains of the virus.
3. Colposcopy and Biopsy: If a Pap smear is abnormal, this procedure allows close examination of the cervix.

Diagnosing Uterine Cancer

There isn’t a widely used routine screening for uterine cancer, but when symptoms like abnormal bleeding arise, doctors may use:

1. Transvaginal Ultrasound: Evaluates the uterus and endometrial thickness.
2. Endometrial Biopsy: Collects a tissue sample for microscopic examination.
3. Hysteroscopy: Allows the cancer doctor to view the inside of the uterus with a small camera.

Cervical Cancer Risk Factors

• Persistent HPV infection.
• Multiple sexual partners or starting sexual activity at an early age.
• Smoking, which lowers your immune response to HPV.
• Weakened immune system due to conditions like HIV.

Uterine Cancer Risk Factors

• Obesity, which leads to higher levels of estrogen.
• Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) or never having been pregnant.
• Hormone therapy, especially unopposed estrogen.
• Family history of uterine cancer or genetic conditions like Lynch syndrome.

For Cervical Cancer

Treatment depends on how far the cancer has progressed:

1. Early Stage: Surgery, such as a cone biopsy or hysterectomy (removal of the cervix and uterus).
2. Advanced Stage: A combination of radiation therapy and chemotherapy.
3. Immunotherapy or Targeted Therapy: For aggressive cases where other treatments aren’t enough.

For Uterine Cancer

Most uterine cancers are treated with:

1. Surgery: A hysterectomy is the standard treatment.
2. Radiation Therapy: Often used after surgery to kill remaining cancer cells.
3. Hormone Therapy: For cancers that are hormone-sensitive, reducing estrogen can help slow cancer growth.
4. Chemotherapy or Targeted Therapy: Necessary for advanced cases.

1. Get Regular Screenings: Regular Pap smears and pelvic exams can detect cervical issues early. Postmenopausal women should report any unusual bleeding promptly.
2. Seek the HPV Vaccine: Available for both boys and girls, the vaccine significantly reduces the risk of cervical cancer.
3. Maintain a Healthy Weight: This lowers your risk of uterine cancer linked to high estrogen levels.
4. Monitor Hormone Therapy: If you’re on hormone replacement therapy, do so under strict medical supervision.
5. Be Alert to Symptoms: Don’t ignore postmenopausal bleeding, abnormal discharge, or pelvic pain.

Cervical cancer and uterine cancer may both affect women’s reproductive health, but they are distinct in their origins, risk factors, and symptoms. Regular monitoring, reporting symptoms early, and following recommended screenings can make a huge difference in outcomes.

If you’re in Mumbai or Thane, I can guide you through diagnosis, treatment, and preventive care with empathy and expertise. Addressing your concerns early can increase your chances of successful treatment and peace of mind.

If you have any doubts or unusual symptoms, don’t hesitate to reach out. Early detection might just save your life.

Call me directly at  99670 05309 to book your consultation or simply ask your questions. I’m here to help you every step of the way.